Question 1

The kidneys are the primary organs of homeostasis because they

Accepted Answer

A)  excrete nitrogenous wastes.
B)  maintain water-electrolyte balance.
C)  maintain acid-base balance.
D)  maintain water-electrolyte and acid-base balance.
E)  All apply.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

Urea

Accepted Answer

A)  is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed,but is still found in the urine.
B)  never leaves the blood plasma.
C)  is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
D)  is filtered,but not reabsorbed.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

The opening of the external urethral sphincter is through action of the

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic nervous system.
B)  enteric nervous system.
C)  sympathetic nervous system.
D)  parasympathetic nervous system.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Salt

Accepted Answer

A)  is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed,but still occurs in the urine.
B)  never leaves the blood plasma.
C)  is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
D)  is filtered,but not reabsorbed.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 5

What plays a major role in the loss of kidney function with age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidneys shrink in size
B)  Fewer functioning nephrons
C)  Vascular changes in the glomerulus
D)  All apply.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is part of a nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerular capsule
B)  Proximal and distal convoluted collecting tubules
C)  Loop of the nephron
D)  All apply.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT part of the nephron's blood supply?

Accepted Answer

A)  Afferent arteriole
B)  Efferent arteriole
C)  Renal artery
D)  GlomerulusE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Which places the parts of the nephron in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

A)  Distal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle,glomerular capsule,proximal convoluted tubule,collecting duct
B)  Glomerular capsule,proximal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle,distal convoluted tubule,collecting duct
C)  Glomerular capsule,distal convoluted tubules,loop of Henle,proximal convoluted tubule,collecting duct
D)  Loop of Henle,collecting duct,proximal convoluted tubule,glomerular capsule,distal convoluted tubuleE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

The kidneys are retroperitoneal.What does that mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are behind the parietal peritoneum.
B)  They are behind back muscles.
C)  They are placed backwards in the abdominal cavity.
D)  They are behind the intestines.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following correctly describes the process of glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood cells and plasma proteins are pushed out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule.
B)  Water,nitrogenous wastes,nutrients,and ions are pushed out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule.
C)  Water and dissolved substances move out of the glomerulus by osmosis into the glomerular capsule.
D)  Water and formed elements are pushed out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following structures is found in the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerular capsule
B)  Proximal convoluted tubule
C)  Loop of Henle
D)  Distal convoluted tubuleE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

What process(es) is(are) used by the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule to return water and needed nutrients to the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active transport of sodium ions,glucose,and other nutrients
B)  Passive transport of chloride ions
C)  Water movement by osmosis
D)  All apply.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

If excess base is added to the blood,the body will respond by

Accepted Answer

A)  increased respiration and reabsorption of bicarbonate ions.
B)  increased respiration and excretion of bicarbonate ions.
C)  decreased respiration and excretion of hydrogen ions.
D)  decreased respiration and reabsorption of hydrogen ions.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

The breakdown of nucleotides produces

Accepted Answer

A)  creatinine.
B)  ammonia.
C)  uric acid.
D)  urea.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Where are the kidneys located?

Accepted Answer

A)  ventral region of the thorax
B)  lumbar region
C)  ventral region of the pelvis
D)  dorsal region of the thoraxE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a region of a kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal pelvis
B)  Renal medulla
C)  Renal fascia
D)  Renal cortexE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The opening of the internal urethral sphincter is through action of the

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic nervous system.
B)  enteric nervous system.
C)  sympathetic nervous system.
D)  parasympathetic nervous system.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

What stimulus causes the hypothalamus to produce ADH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased blood osmolality
B)  Increased blood osmolality
C)  Increased blood pressure
D)  None apply.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

The kidneys maintain acid-base balance mainly by excreting _____ and reabsorbing _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium;potassium.
B)  bicarbonate;sodium.
C)  hydrogen;bicarbonate.
D)  chloride;hydrogenE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following extends from the urinary bladder to an external opening?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urethra
B)  Hilum
C)  Ureters
D)  TrigoneE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 16: The Urinary System and Excretion

What process(es) is(are) used by the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule to return water and needed nutrients to the blood?

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The kidneys are the primary organs of homeostasis because they

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Which of the following is NOT part of the nephron's blood supply?

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Which of the following correctly describes the process of glomerular filtration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The breakdown of nucleotides produces

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys maintain acid-base balance mainly by excreting _____ and reabsorbing _____.

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Which of the following structures is found in the renal medulla?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Salt

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The kidneys are retroperitoneal.What does that mean?

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If excess base is added to the blood,the body will respond by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a region of a kidney?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What stimulus causes the hypothalamus to produce ADH?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urea

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The opening of the internal urethral sphincter is through action of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What plays a major role in the loss of kidney function with age?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The opening of the external urethral sphincter is through action of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where are the kidneys located?

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Which of the following extends from the urinary bladder to an external opening?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which places the parts of the nephron in the correct order?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is part of a nephron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The kidneys maintain acid-base balance mainly by excreting _ and reabsorbing _.

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