Question 1

Ribosomes are a collection of _______ that are needed for _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   small proteins; translation
B)   proteins and rRNAs; translation
C)   proteins and tRNAs; transcription
D)   proteins and mRNAs; translation
E)   mRNAs and tRNAs; translationF) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

People with alkaptonuria are usually placed on diets limited in tyrosine because

Accepted Answer

A)   they lack the enzyme that breaks down tyrosine.
B)   they lack the enzyme that breaks down a by-product of tyrosine metabolism.
C)   due to a difference in one of their enzymes, they produce too much tyrosine.
D)   tyrosine alters their enzymes, causing them not to be able to break down homogentisic acid.
E)   tyrosine alters their enzymes, causing them to produce too little homogentisic acid.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Which event must occur before eukaryotic mRNA is transcribed?

Accepted Answer

A)   Binding of a transcription factor to the promoter
B)   Capping of the 5 end
C)   Addition of a poly A tail to the 3 end
D)   Splicing out of the introns
E)   Transport to the cytosolF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Which statement about nucleic acid hybridization is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is used to study the relationship between eukaryotic genes and their transcripts.
B)   It requires that the original DNA molecule be denatured.
C)   It involves the use of a probe to form a double-stranded molecule.
D)   It originally revealed the existence of introns.
E)   It can only be used for comparing prokaryotic mRNA and DNA.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

In prokaryotes, the region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds most tightly is the

Accepted Answer

A)   promoter.
B)   poly C center.
C)   enhancer.
D)   operator site.
E)   minor groove.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

Researchers treat a human cell line and a plant cell line with a drug that specifically blocks transcription of nuclear genes by an unknown mechanism.This action affects the activity of the semiautonomous organelles mitochondria and chloroplasts because these organelles

Accepted Answer

A)   use nuclear RNA polymerases to transcribe their genomes.
B)   are fully dependent upon host cell ribosomes.
C)   do not have any of their own tRNAs.
D)   import some proteins from the nuclear-cytoplasm protein synthesis pathway.
E)   import all proteins from the nuclear-cytoplasm protein synthesis pathway.F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 7

Which molecule is used in transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)   GTP
B)   dATP
C)   Ribosome
D)   tRNA
E)   DNA polymeraseF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

The disease alkaptonuria, which takes its name from the black urine that is a frequent symptom, is caused by an inborn error of metabolism.This symptom arises from the buildup of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The disease alkaptonuria, which takes its name...

Question 9

The formation of a peptide bond between an amino acid at the P site and an amino acid at the A site during translation is catalyzed by

Accepted Answer

A)   the large ribosomal subunit.
B)   a specialized segment of DNA.
C)   a specialized segment of RNA.
D)   the initiation complex.
E)   initiation factors.F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Alkaptonuria results from a(n)  _______ of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   excess; homogentisic acid
B)   deficiency; homogentisic acid
C)   excess; biotin
D)   deficiency; biotin
E)   excess; glucoseF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

In eukaryotes, ribosomes become associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes when

Accepted Answer

A)   a signal sequence on the mRNA interacts with a receptor protein on the membrane.
B)   a signal sequence on the ribosome interacts with a receptor protein on the membrane.
C)   the messenger RNA passes through a pore in the membrane.
D)   a signal sequence on the protein being synthesized interacts with a signal recognition particle and both bind to the endoplasmic reticulum.
E)   a signal sequence at the amino terminus of the protein being synthesized interacts with a receptor protein on the ribosome.F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

The modified base inosine contributes to

Accepted Answer

A)   the wobble effect.
B)   the fidelity function.
C)   mRNA processing.
D)   the formation of peptide bonds in translation.
E)   proteolysis.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

Wild-type strains of a yeast species can grow on a medium of glucose, minerals, and niacin.Many strains that have been subjected to X rays cannot grow on this medium (call it medium Q)  unless other substances are added to it.Medium Q is thus a(n)  _______ medium.

Accepted Answer

A)   mutagenic
B)   enzymatic
C)   minimal
D)   model
E)   wild-typeF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 14

The _______ of the large ribosomal subunit is/are responsible for _______ during translation.

Accepted Answer

A)   rRNA; forming of peptide bonds
B)   rRNA; the initial binding of the mRNA
C)   rRNA; charging tRNA
D)   proteins; forming of peptide bonds
E)   proteins; the initial binding of the mRNAF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

What structure or molecules bring(s)  tRNA and mRNA together?

Accepted Answer

A)   Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
B)   Ribosomes
C)   Peptidyl transferase
D)   RNA polymerase
E)   Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

What are the three processes in posttranscriptional modification that must be completed before transcripts can be translated in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Binding of snRNPs, addition of a poly A tail, splicing of introns
B)   Binding of snRNPs, transporting, synthesizing of ribose
C)   Capping, transporting, synthesizing of ribose
D)   Binding of snRNPs, capping, splicing
E)   Splicing, capping, addition of a poly A tailF) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 17

The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA is transcribed into _______, which is translated into protein

Accepted Answer

The answer of The central dogma of molecular biology states...

Question 18

If a strain of Neurospora is unable to grow on minimal medium but can grow when substance A is added to minimal medium, then

Accepted Answer

A)   the strain is wild type.
B)   the strain lacks the enzyme or enzymes needed to break down substance A.
C)   the strain lacks the enzyme or enzymes needed to synthesize substance A.
D)   substance A must be an enzyme.
E)   substance A must be a mutagen.F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 19

_______ is not required for transcription.

Accepted Answer

A)   A DNA template
B)   A primer
C)   Ribonucleoside triphosphate
D)   RNA polymerase
E)   HelicaseF) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

A stop codon causes

Accepted Answer

A)   transcription to come to a halt.
B)   the next codon to be transcribed.
C)   the end of processing of a polypeptide.
D)   translation to cease.
E)   the release of a transcription factor from the promoter.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Exam 14: From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

A stop codon causes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which event must occur before eukaryotic mRNA is transcribed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a strain of Neurospora is unable to grow on minimal medium but can grow when substance A is added to minimal medium, then

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA is transcribed into _______, which is translated into protein

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The disease alkaptonuria, which takes its name from the black urine that is a frequent symptom, is caused by an inborn error of metabolism.This symptom arises from the buildup of _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which molecule is used in transcription?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _______ of the large ribosomal subunit is/are responsible for _______ during translation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wild-type strains of a yeast species can grow on a medium of glucose, minerals, and niacin.Many strains that have been subjected to X rays cannot grow on this medium (call it medium Q) unless other substances are added to it.Medium Q is thus a(n) _______ medium.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the three processes in posttranscriptional modification that must be completed before transcripts can be translated in eukaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In eukaryotes, ribosomes become associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The modified base inosine contributes to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about nucleic acid hybridization is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The formation of a peptide bond between an amino acid at the P site and an amino acid at the A site during translation is catalyzed by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People with alkaptonuria are usually placed on diets limited in tyrosine because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What structure or molecules bring(s) tRNA and mRNA together?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In prokaryotes, the region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds most tightly is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______ is not required for transcription.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers treat a human cell line and a plant cell line with a drug that specifically blocks transcription of nuclear genes by an unknown mechanism.This action affects the activity of the semiautonomous organelles mitochondria and chloroplasts because these organelles

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ribosomes are a collection of _______ that are needed for _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alkaptonuria results from a(n) _______ of _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The _ of the large ribosomal subunit is/are responsible for _ during translation.

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Ribosomes are a collection of _ that are needed for _.

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Alkaptonuria results from a(n) _ of _.

Correct Answer
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