Question 1

At a single point in time,researchers may test and compare the intelligence of members of different age groups.This bests illustrates a

Accepted Answer

A)   longitudinal study.
B)   cohort study.
C)   cross-sectional study.
D)   measure of fluid intelligence.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Steven has an intellectual disability and never learned how to speak,read,or write.Which area of independent living is he having difficulties with?

Accepted Answer

A)   conceptual skills
B)   social skills
C)   verbal skills
D)   practical skillsE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why early cross-sectional research found that intelligence declines with age?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cross-sectional studies compare groups of people over an extended period of time.
B)   Early cross-sectional studies were limited because a large number of participants withdrew from the studies.
C)   Cross-sectional studies compare groups of people who are the same age.
D)   Early cross-sectional studies compared people of different eras who had varying levels of education and different family experiences.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Educational programs for gifted children are most likely to be criticized for

Accepted Answer

A)   assuming that intelligence test scores can predict children's academic success.
B)   underestimating the extent to which general intelligence underlies success in a wide variety of tasks.
C)   encouraging the segregation and academic tracking of intellectually advantaged students.
D)   overemphasizing the genetic determinants of giftedness.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

When Ian Deary and his colleagues retested 80-year-old Scots,using an intelligence test the Scots had taken as 11-year-olds,the correlation of their scores across seven decades was

Accepted Answer

A)   -.16.
B)   +.06.
C)   +.16.
D)   +.66.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Older people's capacity to understand the meaning of words does not decline as much as their capacity to engage in abstract reasoning.This best illustrates the stability of

Accepted Answer

A)   childhood intelligence.
B)   crystallized intelligence.
C)   cross-sectional intelligence.
D)   fluid intelligence.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

The criterion/criteria for being diagnosed with an intellectual disability is/are

Accepted Answer

A)   having a low intelligence test score.
B)   difficulty with independent living demands.
C)   both having a low intelligence test score and difficulty with independent living demands.
D)   neither having a low intelligence test score nor difficulty with independent living demands.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

One criticism of gifted education programs is that by labeling children as "ungifted" we may be

Accepted Answer

A)   taking away their hope for a brighter future.
B)   creating a self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)   providing them with a higher-level goal.
D)   denying them access to higher levels of education.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   fluid intelligence.
B)   crystallized intelligence.
C)   Down syndrome.
D)   the Flynn effect.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Explaining why the best work of scientists is often produced in early adulthood while that of novelists often originates during middle adulthood requires a distinction between

Accepted Answer

A)   fluid and cross-sectional intelligence.
B)   an intellectual disability and crystallized intelligence.
C)   fluid and crystallized intelligence.
D)   the Flynn effect and fluid intelligence.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Children of different age groups were asked to complete the WISC so that researchers could compare the performance of younger and older children.The procedure used in this research best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the Flynn effect.
B)   a longitudinal study.
C)   a correlational study.
D)   a cross-sectional study.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Cross-sectional research indicated that during early and middle adulthood,aging is associated with ________ levels of intelligence.Longitudinal research indicated that during this period of life,aging is associated with ________ levels of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)   increasing;declining
B)   declining;stable
C)   increasing;increasing
D)   stable;decliningE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Among Americans scoring in the top 1 percent of their age group on the ________ at age 13,more than half have earned doctorates.

Accepted Answer

A)   WAIS
B)   Stanford-Binet
C)   SAT
D)   WISCE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 14

Dr.Dawson is conducting a study with military veterans from the Vietnam and Gulf Wars.He plans to evaluate them every year for 10 years to see if those with PTSD have a more pronounced decline in mental abilities and overall memory.This is a(n) ________ study.

Accepted Answer

A)   longitudinal
B)   experimental
C)   cross-sectional
D)   chronologicalE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Assessing the stability of repeated intelligence test results gathered over the adult years of a single cohort would most clearly involve a

Accepted Answer

A)   cohort study.
B)   longitudinal study.
C)   correlational study.
D)   cross-sectional study.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

A group of people of very similar age who are participants in a longitudinal study are called a

Accepted Answer

A)   developmental factor.
B)   cross-sectional group.
C)   cohort.
D)   phase group.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting a study of the memory and response time of 50- to 75-year-olds on timed tasks.They are bringing in all age groups at once to compare the differences.This is a(n) ________ study.

Accepted Answer

A)   longitudinal
B)   experimental
C)   cross-sectional
D)   correlationalE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

The idea that adult intelligence declines with age has been challenged most effectively by

Accepted Answer

A)   cross-sectional research.
B)   research on fluid intelligence.
C)   tests that assess recall memory.
D)   longitudinal research.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Children who are more intelligent live longer lives than their less intelligent peers.Ian Deary has suggested as one possible reason the fact that a high level of intelligence

Accepted Answer

A)   promotes a socially independent lifestyle.
B)   inhibits early childhood infectious diseases.
C)   reduces the amount of time spent working.
D)   facilitates a healthy lifestyle.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Repeatedly assessing the intelligence of the same group of people at different times across their life span best illustrates a

Accepted Answer

A)   predictive study.
B)   cross-sectional study.
C)   cohort study.
D)   longitudinal study.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 30: Language and Thought

The criterion/criteria for being diagnosed with an intellectual disability is/are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cross-sectional research indicated that during early and middle adulthood,aging is associated with ________ levels of intelligence.Longitudinal research indicated that during this period of life,aging is associated with ________ levels of intelligence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At a single point in time,researchers may test and compare the intelligence of members of different age groups.This bests illustrates a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explaining why the best work of scientists is often produced in early adulthood while that of novelists often originates during middle adulthood requires a distinction between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children of different age groups were asked to complete the WISC so that researchers could compare the performance of younger and older children.The procedure used in this research best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Among Americans scoring in the top 1 percent of their age group on the ________ at age 13,more than half have earned doctorates.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One criticism of gifted education programs is that by labeling children as "ungifted" we may be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The idea that adult intelligence declines with age has been challenged most effectively by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Repeatedly assessing the intelligence of the same group of people at different times across their life span best illustrates a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children who are more intelligent live longer lives than their less intelligent peers.Ian Deary has suggested as one possible reason the fact that a high level of intelligence

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Educational programs for gifted children are most likely to be criticized for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Dawson is conducting a study with military veterans from the Vietnam and Gulf Wars.He plans to evaluate them every year for 10 years to see if those with PTSD have a more pronounced decline in mental abilities and overall memory.This is a(n) ________ study.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Older people's capacity to understand the meaning of words does not decline as much as their capacity to engage in abstract reasoning.This best illustrates the stability of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best explains why early cross-sectional research found that intelligence declines with age?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting a study of the memory and response time of 50- to 75-year-olds on timed tasks.They are bringing in all age groups at once to compare the differences.This is a(n) ________ study.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Ian Deary and his colleagues retested 80-year-old Scots,using an intelligence test the Scots had taken as 11-year-olds,the correlation of their scores across seven decades was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Assessing the stability of repeated intelligence test results gathered over the adult years of a single cohort would most clearly involve a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Steven has an intellectual disability and never learned how to speak,read,or write.Which area of independent living is he having difficulties with?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A group of people of very similar age who are participants in a longitudinal study are called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Cross-sectional research indicated that during early and middle adulthood,aging is associated with levels of intelligence.Longitudinal research indicated that during this period of life,aging is associated with levels of intelligence.

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