A) It is difficult to get hepatitis B virions to enter the host cell.
B) Hepatitis B virus kills the infected cells too quickly.
C) There are no cultured cells that can be productively infected with the virus.
D) There are no antibodies available that can bind to the envelope proteins.
E) There is not a good animal model that mimics the hepatitis B virus infection.
G) A) and C)
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B) False
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A) They both use a virally encoded reverse transcriptase enzyme.
B) They both use a protein primer to begin DNA synthesis.
C) They both produce a double-stranded DNA product.
D) They both require the presence of repeat sequences in the viral RNA.
E) They both use a ribonuclease H enzyme activity during reverse transcription.
G) B) and E)
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A) HBV has an enveloped virion.
B) HBV packages a DNA genome in the virion.
C) HBV packages reverse transcriptase enzyme in the virion.
D) HBV fuses its envelope with the cellular plasma membrane.
E) All of the above distinguish HBV from retroviruses.
G) A) and B)
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A) There are 5 promoters and 1 polyadenylation site.
B) There are 3 promoters and 2 polyadenylation sites.
C) There are 2 promoters and 2 polyadenylation sites.
D) There is only 1 promoter and 1 polyadenylation site. Different mRNAs are produced via alternative mRNA splicing.
E) The virus only produces a single mRNA which is the pregenomic mRNA.
G) A) and B)
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A) They bind to antibodies allowing the virus to evade the immune system.
B) They bind to the host cell receptor, improving entry of virus particles.
C) They stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
D) They bind to liver cells and stimulate them to replicate.
E) They are just packaging mistakes that occur in some cells and they serve no purpose.
G) D) and E)
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A) It is in the common N terminal domain, which is the large surface protein region.
B) It is in the common C terminal domain, which is the small surface protein domain.
C) The surface antigens have a myristate attached to the large protein domain.
D) The transmembrane alpha helices are found in the middle antigen region of the protein.
E) It is located in a beta-barrel structure found in the large surface antigen.
G) None of the above
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B
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A) They are extensively spliced to produce a set of nested mRNAs.
B) They are transcribed by the cellular RNA polymerase III enzyme.
C) They are produced by the reverse transcriptase enzyme.
D) They are transcribed past a polyadenylation site near the promoter.
E) They each code for several proteins due to the use of alternative start codons.
G) A) and B)
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A) Stimulation of the production of anti-hepatitis B antibody production using a vaccine.
B) Use of anti-hepatitis antibodies to bind to virus present in blood donations.
C) Injection of cytotoxic T cells into a chronically infected patient.
D) Injection of anti-hepatitis B antibodies into newborns.
E) Stimulation of immune response against hepatitis B using interferon.
G) A) and D)
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B) False
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A) The small and medium surface antigens are sequestered in the ER.
B) The small and medium surface antigens are sequestered in the noninfectious particles.
C) Only the large surface antigen is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.
D) Only the large surface antigen is found on the plasma membrane.
E) Only the large surface antigen interacts with the core protein.
G) C) and E)
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E
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A) It has a gap of single-stranded DNA.
B) It has an inverted repeat at each end of the genome.
C) It has a piece of RNA attached to the 3' end of the genome.
D) The plus strand is shorter than the minus strand.
E) It has a protein covalently attached to the 5' end of the genome.
G) A) and B)
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B
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A) Binding and entry into the host cell.
B) Reverse transcription of the viral genome.
C) Transcription of the viral genome.
D) Translation of the viral mRNAs.
E) Assembly of new virions.
G) A) and E)
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B) False
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A) Zoo keeper
B) Nurse
C) Tattoo-parlor worker
D) Barber
E) Hemophiliac
G) A) and E)
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B) False
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A) Binding of the P protein to the packaging site prevents the C protein from binding.
B) Binding of the C protein to the packaging site prevents the P protein from binding.
C) Translation of the C open reading frame blocks the packaging site.
D) Translation of the preC reading frame blocks the packaging site.
E) Translation of the P open reading frame blocks the packaging site.
G) C) and E)
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The major difference between the genome ...View Answer
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A) The 5' end has a cap structure and the 3' end has a poly(A) tail.
B) The 5' end has a triphosphate and the 3' end has a hydroxyl group.
C) The 5' end has a fragment of RNA and the 3' end has a protein attached.
D) The 5' end has a protein attached and the 3' end has a fragment of RNA.
E) There are no ends, the genome is a covalently closed circle.
G) A) and E)
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B) False
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